** Definition of planning.
Planning:
Planning is a thinking and silent process which appearance
is every where in the organization and concerned to future functional
procedures and goals and objectives.
Planning is the deciding in advance what is to be done in future.
Planning is the blue print of the course of action to be followed in future.
Planning is advanced decision making of what is to be done; how, when and where it is to be done; who is to do it and how results are to be evaluated. Planning is thus looking ahead and preparing for the future. a successful enterprise depends on real plan.
** Characteristics of planning:
1. First step of managerial function.
2. It is a thinking process.
3. It is a silent process.
4. It is concerned to future functional procedures.
5. It is concerned to goals and objectives.
6. Informational dependency.
7. It’s area is every where in the organization.
** What are the qualities of a good plan?
Qualities of a good plan are given below:
1. Luminous paint.
2. Easiness
3. Silent process.
4. Flexibilities.
5. Informational dependency.
6. Indication to direct the perfect way.
7. Proper utilization of resources.
8. Acceptance.
9. Equity of equality.
10. Rightness.
11. Tactfulness.
12. Reality.
** Steps of planning are very important for making proper plan, so express it at the perfect way.
1. To evaluate the future opportunities and disfavouring in
light of present position.
2. To determine the particular aim, goals and objectives.
3. To collect informations.
4. To make an idea about future.
5. To find out the alternative courses of action.
6. To evaluate the alternatives.
7. To select the best.
8. To make supportive plan.
9. To determine the
time. Sequence and procedures.
10. To apply the pilot plan.
11. To evaluate and rectify the plan.
** Various types of plan with a diagram.
On the basis of organizational level:
Strategic plan:
Strategic plan means such long term plan which is made for
achieving the goals and objectives in the perfect competitive market.
Technical plan:
Technical plan is the plan aimed at achieving the the
technical goals and is developed to implement part of strategic plan. It is
involved with upper and middle management.
Operational Plan:
Operational plan is the short term plan which is made out at
the various stage of organization for implementing the technical plan.
On the basis of it’s nature:
Standing plan:
The plan which is made for repetitive using in the
organization.
Single use plan:
The plan which is made for one time using in the
organization.
On the basis of time period:
Short term plan:
Short term plan which is made for less than one year
duration.
Mid term plan:
Mid term plan is a plan which is made for minimum one year
and maximum 5 years duration.
Long term plan:
Long term plan which is made for more than 5 years and from
5 years to uncertain duration of time.
On the basis of scope or position:
Operational based plan:
The plan which is made for performing the particular
operation or job is called operational based plan.
Divisional plan:
Divisional plan which is made for particular division of an
organization is called divisional plan.
Regional plan:
Regional plan which is made for a particular or specific
region of an organization is called regional plan.
Master plan:
This is the main plan of an organization. It is the
combination of all plars. Without it,
the existence of an organization can not be imagined.
** What is controlling? What are the steps/processes of
controlling an organization?
** What is decision making? What are the steps/process of decision making?
Definition:
Decision making means Selecting the best among alternative
courses of action. Other wise, decision making means accepting the right things
in the right time at the right place.
Steps/Process of decision making:
1. Identifying the problems.
2. analysing the problems.
3. Find out the various methods and way to solve the
problem.
4. Analysing the methods.
5. Selecting the best.
6. Receiving/accepting the best.
7. Making decision.
** What is controlling? What are the steps/processes of
controlling an organization?
Definition:
Controlling means to examine whether the activities or jobs
are being performed according to planning and principles of organization.
Steps/processes of controlling an organization:
To determine the standardization.
To measure the improvement of jobs.
To compare the standardization with the jobs which have been
performed.
To determine and evaluate the cause of slippage.
To take steps for ratification.
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